A transplant between genetically identical individuals is known as what?

A transplant between genetically identical individuals is referred to as an isograft. This type of grafting occurs when tissues or organs are transplanted from one individual to another who shares identical genetic makeup, typically occurring between monozygotic (identical) twins or within inbred strains of animals.

Isografts minimize the risk of immune rejection because the donor and recipient have no genetic differences, allowing the immune system of the recipient to recognize the graft as "self." This is a crucial advantage in transplantation biology, as it contributes to the success and longevity of the transplant.

In contrast, allografts involve transplants between genetically different individuals of the same species, leading to significant immune response and potential rejection. Xenografts are transplants between different species, and autografts refer to tissues transplanted from one site to another within the same individual, both of which involve more complex immune considerations compared to isografts.