During transcription, which molecule is synthesized from a DNA template?

During transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a DNA template. This process involves the enzyme RNA polymerase, which binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter. The RNA polymerase then unwinds the DNA strands and reads the template strand of the DNA to assemble a complementary strand of RNA. This newly formed mRNA strand carries the genetic information from the DNA and is essential for the subsequent step of translation, where proteins are synthesized.

The significance of mRNA production is foundational in the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. In this context, the synthesis of mRNA from DNA allows for the encoding of proteins, but it specifically pertains to the transcription phase of gene expression. Other molecules, such as antibodies and tRNA, play different roles in the process of gene expression and protein synthesis, but they are not directly synthesized during transcription from the DNA template.