In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is categorized as esteem needs?

Esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy refer to the human desire for recognition, respect, and a sense of self-worth. These needs go beyond basic physical and safety requirements, reaching into the realm of psychological and social fulfillment. The choice that involves giving an employee a plaque to recognize exceptional performance is directly tied to fulfilling these esteem needs. Recognizing achievements with awards or public acknowledgment boosts an individual's self-esteem and reinforces their sense of status among peers. This kind of recognition affirms their contributions and accomplishments, fulfilling their need for appreciation and acknowledgment from others.

In contrast, the other options focus on different aspects of employee needs. Providing basic salary and benefits primarily addresses physiological needs, such as financial security. Offering opportunities for professional growth relates more to self-actualization and self-esteem but does not directly involve recognition. Ensuring a safe working environment aligns with safety needs and the necessity for a secure and protective workplace. Therefore, the recognition of exceptional performance through awards or plaques is the most direct fulfillment of esteem needs as proposed by Maslow.