What is the type of disease when antibodies are made against self?

The correct answer is autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakenly identifies the body's own cells and tissues as foreign invaders and produces antibodies against them. This reaction can lead to inflammation and damage to various organs and systems within the body. Conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are examples of autoimmune diseases where this self-targeting occurs.

In contrast, allergic diseases stem from an exaggerated immune response to typically harmless substances, like pollen or pet dander, rather than the body’s own components. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Congenital diseases are those present from birth, which can involve genetic or developmental issues but do not specifically involve antibodies targeting the body’s own systems.