What process synthesizes RNA in the nucleus?

The synthesis of RNA in the nucleus is known as transcription. During this process, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This occurs in the nucleus, where the DNA is located, and is the first step in the process of gene expression, enabling the information stored in the DNA to be translated into proteins. Transcription is crucial because it allows for the transfer of genetic information from the DNA to the RNA, which can then exit the nucleus and be translated into proteins in the cytoplasm. Understanding transcription is fundamental to molecular biology and genetics, as it highlights the central dogma of molecular biology: the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.