What type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the rest of the cell?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the rest of the cell. This process is critical for protein synthesis. During transcription, mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template, which means it copies the genetic code contained within the DNA. Once synthesized, the mRNA travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for translation — the process by which proteins are made. Codons on the mRNA correspond to specific amino acids, guiding the assembly of proteins necessary for various cellular functions.

In contrast, transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, but it does not carry genetic information from DNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosome itself, where protein synthesis occurs, providing a structural role rather than conveying genetic information. Micro RNA (miRNA) plays a role in gene regulation and can inhibit gene expression, but it is not involved in carrying genetic information from DNA. Consequently, messenger RNA is recognized as the vital link between DNA and protein synthesis within the cell.