Which federal agency is primarily responsible for controls related to potential bioterrorism agents?

The correct choice focusing on the federal agency responsible for controls related to potential bioterrorism agents is the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). This agency plays a crucial role in protecting public health, which includes preparing for and responding to bioterrorism threats. Specifically, HHS is responsible for ensuring that there are measures in place to identify, prevent, and respond to biological threats that could significantly affect the health of the population.

HHS oversees various entities, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which are instrumental in the public health response to bioterrorism. The agency's focus includes not only the regulation of federally funded research but also the development of vaccines and therapies that might mitigate the effects of a biological attack.

In this context, although the Department of Homeland Security has a broad focus on national security and emergency preparedness, its role is more coordinated and interagency rather than being the primary agency directly controlling bioterrorism agents. Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration contribute important functions related to health and safety, but they do not hold the primary responsibility for managing public health risks related to bioterrorism.